What is a ramp
The roads and tracks through mountain ranges are usually twisted and winding, such as the one shown in Figure 8.2.1. Imagine that the road to the top of a mountain went up in a straight line. The distance you would travel would be much shorter, but the road would be steeper, very difficult to travel up. By increasing the distance travelled up the mountain, you reduce the effort required.
How to find mechanical advantage of a slop
The formula is explained in the picture down below. Also, the longer the slope the greater the mechanical advantage
What is a wedge
A wedge is a double edged plane that can move through another object by changing the direction of a force by 90 degrees and increasing the size of the force. e.g door wedge, knife, axe, nail, (zip), saw, shovel